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Support for the X Window graphical display system—specifically Xorg—is
provided by the (gnu services xorg) module. Note that there is no
xorg-service procedure. Instead, the X server is started by the
login manager, by default the GNOME Display Manager (GDM).
GDM of course allows users to log in into window managers and desktop environments other than GNOME; for those using GNOME, GDM is required for features such as automatic screen locking.
To use X11, you must install at least one window manager—for example
the windowmaker or openbox packages—preferably by adding it
to the packages field of your operating system definition
(see system-wide packages).
GDM also supports Wayland: it can itself use Wayland instead of X11 for its
user interface, and it can also start Wayland sessions. The former is
required for the latter, to enable, set wayland? to #t in
gdm-configuration.
This is the type for the GNOME
Desktop Manager (GDM), a program that manages graphical display servers and
handles graphical user logins. Its value must be a gdm-configuration
(see below).
GDM looks for session types described by the .desktop files in
/run/current-system/profile/share/xsessions (for X11 sessions) and
/run/current-system/profile/share/wayland-sessions (for Wayland
sessions) and allows users to choose a session from the log-in screen.
Packages such as gnome, xfce, i3 and sway
provide .desktop files; adding them to the system-wide set of
packages automatically makes them available at the log-in screen.
In addition, ~/.xsession files are honored. When available, ~/.xsession must be an executable that starts a window manager and/or other X clients.
auto-login? (default: #f)default-user (default: #f)When auto-login? is false, GDM presents a log-in screen.
When auto-login? is true, GDM logs in directly as
default-user.
auto-suspend? (default #t)When true, GDM will automatically suspend to RAM when nobody is physically connected. When a machine is used via remote desktop or SSH, this should be set to false to avoid GDM interrupting remote sessions or rendering the machine unavailable.
debug? (default: #f)When true, GDM writes debug messages to its log.
gnome-shell-assets (default: ...)List of GNOME Shell assets needed by GDM: icon theme, fonts, etc.
xorg-configuration (default: (xorg-configuration))Configuration of the Xorg graphical server.
x-session (default: (xinitrc))Script to run before starting a X session.
xdmcp? (default: #f)When true, enable the X Display Manager Control Protocol (XDMCP). This should only be enabled in trusted environments, as the protocol is not secure. When enabled, GDM listens for XDMCP queries on the UDP port 177.
dbus-daemon (default: dbus-daemon-wrapper)File name of the dbus-daemon executable.
gdm (default: gdm)The GDM package to use.
wayland? (default: #f)When true, enables Wayland in GDM, necessary to use Wayland sessions.
wayland-session (default: gdm-wayland-session-wrapper)The Wayland session wrapper to use, needed to setup the environment.
This is the type for the SLiM graphical login manager for X11.
Like GDM, SLiM looks for session types described by .desktop files and allows users to choose a session from the log-in screen using F1. It also honors ~/.xsession files.
Unlike GDM, SLiM does not spawn the user session on a different VT after logging in, which means that you can only start one graphical session. If you want to be able to run multiple graphical sessions at the same time you have to add multiple SLiM services to your system services. The following example shows how to replace the default GDM service with two SLiM services on tty7 and tty8.
(use-modules (gnu services) (gnu services desktop) (gnu services xorg)) (operating-system ;; ... (services (cons* (service slim-service-type (slim-configuration (display ":0") (vt "vt7"))) (service slim-service-type (slim-configuration (display ":1") (vt "vt8"))) (modify-services %desktop-services (delete gdm-service-type)))))
Data type representing the configuration of slim-service-type.
allow-empty-passwords? (default: #t)Whether to allow logins with empty passwords.
gnupg? (default: #f)If enabled, pam-gnupg will attempt to automatically unlock the user’s
GPG keys with the login password via gpg-agent. The keygrips of all
keys to be unlocked should be written to ~/.pam-gnupg, and can be
queried with gpg -K --with-keygrip. Presetting passphrases must be
enabled by adding allow-preset-passphrase in
~/.gnupg/gpg-agent.conf.
auto-login? (default: #f)default-user (default: "")When auto-login? is false, SLiM presents a log-in screen.
When auto-login? is true, SLiM logs in directly as
default-user.
theme (default: %default-slim-theme)theme-name (default: %default-slim-theme-name)The graphical theme to use and its name.
auto-login-session (default: #f)If true, this must be the name of the executable to start as the default
session—e.g., (file-append windowmaker "/bin/windowmaker").
If false, a session described by one of the available .desktop files
in /run/current-system/profile and ~/.guix-profile will be
used.
注: You must install at least one window manager in the system profile or in your user profile. Failing to do that, if
auto-login-sessionis false, you will be unable to log in.
xorg-configuration (default (xorg-configuration))Configuration of the Xorg graphical server.
display（默认值：":0"）The display on which to start the Xorg graphical server.
vt（默认值："vt7"）The VT on which to start the Xorg graphical server.
xauth (default: xauth)The XAuth package to use.
shepherd (default: shepherd)The Shepherd package used when invoking halt and reboot.
sessreg (default: sessreg)The sessreg package used in order to register the session.
slim (default: slim)The SLiM package to use.
The default SLiM theme and its name.
This is the type of the service to run the
SDDM display manager. Its value must be
a sddm-configuration record (see below).
Here’s an example use:
(service sddm-service-type
(sddm-configuration
(auto-login-user "alice")
(auto-login-session "xfce.desktop")))
This data type represents the configuration of the SDDM login manager. The available fields are:
sddm (default: sddm)The SDDM package to use.
display-server (default: "x11")Select display server to use for the greeter. Valid values are ‘"x11"’ or ‘"wayland"’.
numlock (default: "on")Valid values are ‘"on"’, ‘"off"’ or ‘"none"’.
halt-command (default #~(string-append #$shepherd "/sbin/halt"))Command to run when halting.
reboot-command (default #~(string-append #$shepherd "/sbin/reboot"))Command to run when rebooting.
theme (default "maldives")Theme to use. Default themes provided by SDDM are ‘"elarun"’, ‘"maldives"’ or ‘"maya"’.
themes-directory (default "/run/current-system/profile/share/sddm/themes")Directory to look for themes.
faces-directory (default "/run/current-system/profile/share/sddm/faces")Directory to look for faces.
default-path (default "/run/current-system/profile/bin")Default PATH to use.
minimum-uid (default: 1000)Minimum UID displayed in SDDM and allowed for log-in.
maximum-uid (default: 2000)Maximum UID to display in SDDM.
remember-last-user? (default #t)Remember last user.
remember-last-session? (default #t)Remember last session.
hide-users (default "")Usernames to hide from SDDM greeter.
hide-shells (default #~(string-append #$shadow "/sbin/nologin"))Users with shells listed will be hidden from the SDDM greeter.
session-command (default #~(string-append #$sddm "/share/sddm/scripts/wayland-session"))Script to run before starting a wayland session.
sessions-directory (default "/run/current-system/profile/share/wayland-sessions")Directory to look for desktop files starting wayland sessions.
xorg-configuration (default (xorg-configuration))Configuration of the Xorg graphical server.
xauth-path (default #~(string-append #$xauth "/bin/xauth"))Path to xauth.
xephyr-path (default #~(string-append #$xorg-server "/bin/Xephyr"))Path to Xephyr.
xdisplay-start (default #~(string-append #$sddm "/share/sddm/scripts/Xsetup"))Script to run after starting xorg-server.
xdisplay-stop (default #~(string-append #$sddm "/share/sddm/scripts/Xstop"))Script to run before stopping xorg-server.
xsession-command (default: xinitrc)Script to run before starting a X session.
xsessions-directory (default: "/run/current-system/profile/share/xsessions")Directory to look for desktop files starting X sessions.
minimum-vt (default: 7)Minimum VT to use.
auto-login-user (default "")User account that will be automatically logged in. Setting this to the empty string disables auto-login.
auto-login-session (default "")The .desktop file name to use as the auto-login session, or the empty string.
relogin? (default #f)Relogin after logout.
This is the type of the service to run the
LightDM display manager. Its
value must be a lightdm-configuration record, which is documented
below. Among its distinguishing features are TigerVNC integration for
easily remoting your desktop as well as support for the XDMCP protocol,
which can be used by remote clients to start a session from the login
manager.
In its most basic form, it can be used simply as:
(service lightdm-service-type)
A more elaborate example making use of the VNC capabilities and enabling more features and verbose logs could look like:
(service lightdm-service-type
(lightdm-configuration
(allow-empty-passwords? #t)
(xdmcp? #t)
(vnc-server? #t)
(vnc-server-command
(file-append tigervnc-server "/bin/Xvnc"
" -SecurityTypes None"))
(seats
(list (lightdm-seat-configuration
(name "*")
(user-session "ratpoison"))))))
Available lightdm-configuration fields are:
lightdm (default: lightdm) (type: file-like)The lightdm package to use.
allow-empty-passwords? (default: #f) (type: boolean)Whether users not having a password set can login.
debug? (default: #f) (type: boolean)Enable verbose output.
xorg-configuration (type: xorg-configuration)The default Xorg server configuration to use to generate the Xorg server
start script. It can be refined per seat via the xserver-command of
the <lightdm-seat-configuration> record, if desired.
greeters (type: list-of-greeter-configurations)The LightDM greeter configurations specifying the greeters to use.
seats (type: list-of-seat-configurations)The seat configurations to use. A LightDM seat is akin to a user.
xdmcp? (default: #f) (type: boolean)Whether a XDMCP server should listen on port UDP 177.
xdmcp-listen-address (type: maybe-string)The host or IP address the XDMCP server listens for incoming connections. When unspecified, listen on for any hosts/IP addresses.
vnc-server? (default: #f) (type: boolean)Whether a VNC server is started.
vnc-server-command (type: file-like)The Xvnc command to use for the VNC server, it’s possible to provide extra options not otherwise exposed along the command, for example to disable security:
(vnc-server-command (file-append tigervnc-server "/bin/Xvnc"
" -SecurityTypes None" ))
Or to set a PasswordFile for the classic (unsecure) VncAuth mecanism:
(vnc-server-command (file-append tigervnc-server "/bin/Xvnc"
" -PasswordFile /var/lib/lightdm/.vnc/passwd"))
The password file should be manually created using the vncpasswd
command. Note that LightDM will create new sessions for VNC users, which
means they need to authenticate in the same way as local users would.
vnc-server-listen-address (type: maybe-string)The host or IP address the VNC server listens for incoming connections. When unspecified, listen for any hosts/IP addresses.
vnc-server-port (default: 5900) (type: number)The TCP port the VNC server should listen to.
extra-config (default: ()) (type: list-of-strings)Extra configuration values to append to the LightDM configuration file.
Available lightdm-gtk-greeter-configuration fields are:
lightdm-gtk-greeter (default: lightdm-gtk-greeter) (type: file-like)The lightdm-gtk-greeter package to use.
assets (default: (adwaita-icon-theme gnome-themes-extrahicolor-icon-theme))
(type: list-of-file-likes) The list of packages complementing the
greeter, such as package providing icon themes.
theme-name (default: "Adwaita") (type: string)The name of the theme to use.
icon-theme-name (default: "Adwaita") (type: string)The name of the icon theme to use.
cursor-theme-name (default: "Adwaita") (type: string)The name of the cursor theme to use.
cursor-theme-size (default: 16) (type: number)The size to use for the cursor theme.
allow-debugging? (type: maybe-boolean)Set to #t to enable debug log level.
background (type: file-like)The background image to use.
at-spi-enabled? (default: #f) (type: boolean)Enable accessibility support through the Assistive Technology Service Provider Interface (AT-SPI).
a11y-states (default: (contrast font keyboard reader)) (type:
list-of-a11y-states) The accessibility features to enable, given as list of
symbols.
reader (type: maybe-file-like)The command to use to launch a screen reader.
extra-config (default: ()) (type: list-of-strings)Extra configuration values to append to the LightDM GTK Greeter configuration file.
Available lightdm-seat-configuration fields are:
name (type: seat-name)The name of the seat. An asterisk (*) can be used in the name to apply the seat configuration to all the seat names it matches.
user-session (type: maybe-string)The session to use by default. The session name must be provided as a
lowercase string, such as "gnome", "ratpoison", etc.
type (default: local) (type: seat-type)The type of the seat, either the local or xremote symbol.
autologin-user (type: maybe-string)The username to automatically log in with by default.
greeter-session (default: lightdm-gtk-greeter) (type: greeter-session) The greeter
session to use, specified as a symbol. Currently, only
lightdm-gtk-greeter is supported.
xserver-command (type: maybe-file-like)The Xorg server command to run.
session-wrapper (type: file-like)The xinitrc session wrapper to use.
extra-config (default: ()) (type: list-of-strings)Extra configuration values to append to the seat configuration section.
This data type represents the configuration of the Xorg graphical display
server. Note that there is no Xorg service; instead, the X server is
started by a “display manager” such as GDM, SDDM, LightDM or SLiM. Thus,
the configuration of these display managers aggregates an
xorg-configuration record.
modules (default: %default-xorg-modules)This is a list of module packages loaded by the Xorg server—e.g.,
xf86-video-vesa, xf86-input-keyboard, and so on.
fonts (default: %default-xorg-fonts)This is a list of font directories to add to the server’s font path.
drivers (default: '())This must be either the empty list, in which case Xorg chooses a graphics
driver automatically, or a list of driver names that will be tried in this
order—e.g., ("modesetting" "vesa").
resolutions (default: '())When resolutions is the empty list, Xorg chooses an appropriate
screen resolution. Otherwise, it must be a list of resolutions—e.g.,
((1024 768) (640 480)).
keyboard-layout (default: #f)If this is #f, Xorg uses the default keyboard layout—usually US
English (“qwerty”) for a 105-key PC keyboard.
Otherwise this must be a keyboard-layout object specifying the
keyboard layout in use when Xorg is running. See 键盘布局, for
more information on how to specify the keyboard layout.
extra-config (default: '())This is a list of strings or objects appended to the configuration file. It is used to pass extra text to be added verbatim to the configuration file.
server (default: xorg-server)This is the package providing the Xorg server.
server-arguments (default: %default-xorg-server-arguments)This is the list of command-line arguments to pass to the X server. The
default is -nolisten tcp.
login-manager-service-type) to use config, an
<xorg-configuration> record.
Since the Xorg configuration is embedded in the log-in manager’s
configuration—e.g., gdm-configuration—this procedure provides a
shorthand to set the Xorg configuration.
Return a startx script in which the modules, fonts, etc. specified in
config, are available. The result should be used in place of
startx.
Usually the X server is started by a login manager.
Add package, a package for a screen locker or screen saver whose command is program, to the set of setuid programs and add a PAM entry for it. For example:
(screen-locker-service xlockmore "xlock")
makes the good ol’ XlockMore usable.
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