11.10.3 日志轮替

Log files such as those found in /var/log tend to grow endlessly, so it’s a good idea to rotate them once in a while—i.e., archive their contents in separate files, possibly compressed. The (gnu services admin) module provides an interface to GNU Rot[t]log, a log rotation tool (see GNU Rot[t]log Manual).

This service is part of %base-services, and thus enabled by default, with the default settings, for commonly encountered log files. The example below shows how to extend it with an additional rotation, should you need to do that (usually, services that produce log files already take care of that):

(use-modules (guix) (gnu))
(use-service-modules admin)

(define my-log-files
  ;; Log files that I want to rotate.
  '("/var/log/something.log" "/var/log/another.log"))

(operating-system
  ;; …
  (services (cons (simple-service 'rotate-my-stuff
                                  rottlog-service-type
                                  (list (log-rotation
                                         (frequency 'daily)
                                         (files my-log-files))))
                  %base-services)))

Variable: rottlog-service-type

This is the type of the Rottlog service, whose value is a rottlog-configuration object.

Other services can extend this one with new log-rotation objects (see below), thereby augmenting the set of files to be rotated.

This service type can define mcron jobs (see 执行计划任务) to run the rottlog service.

Data Type: rottlog-configuration

Data type representing the configuration of rottlog.

rottlog (default: rottlog)

The Rottlog package to use.

rc-file (default: (file-append rottlog "/etc/rc"))

The Rottlog configuration file to use (see Mandatory RC Variables in GNU Rot[t]log Manual).

rotations (default: %default-rotations)

A list of log-rotation objects as defined below.

jobs

This is a list of gexps where each gexp corresponds to an mcron job specification (see 执行计划任务).

Data Type: log-rotation

Data type representing the rotation of a group of log files.

Taking an example from the Rottlog manual (see Period Related File Examples in GNU Rot[t]log Manual), a log rotation might be defined like this:

(log-rotation
  (frequency 'daily)
  (files '("/var/log/apache/*"))
  (options '("storedir apache-archives"
             "rotate 6"
             "notifempty"
             "nocompress")))

The list of fields is as follows:

frequency (default: 'weekly)

The log rotation frequency, a symbol.

files

The list of files or file glob patterns to rotate.

options (default: %default-log-rotation-options)

The list of rottlog options for this rotation (see Configuration parameters in GNU Rot[t]log Manual).

post-rotate (default: #f)

Either #f or a gexp to execute once the rotation has completed.

Variable: %default-rotations

Specifies weekly rotation of %rotated-files and of /var/log/guix-daemon.log.

Variable: %rotated-files

The list of syslog-controlled files to be rotated. By default it is: '("/var/log/messages" "/var/log/secure" "/var/log/debug" \ "/var/log/maillog").

Some log files just need to be deleted periodically once they are old, without any other criterion and without any archival step. This is the case of build logs stored by guix-daemon under /var/log/guix/drvs (see 调用guix-daemon). The log-cleanup service addresses this use case. For example, %base-services (see 基础服务) includes the following:

;; Periodically delete old build logs.
(service log-cleanup-service-type
         (log-cleanup-configuration
          (directory "/var/log/guix/drvs")))

That ensures build logs do not accumulate endlessly.

Variable: log-cleanup-service-type

This is the type of the service to delete old logs. Its value must be a log-cleanup-configuration record as described below.

Data Type: log-cleanup-configuration

Data type representing the log cleanup configuration

directory

Name of the directory containing log files.

expiry (default: (* 6 30 24 3600))

Age in seconds after which a file is subject to deletion (six months by default).

schedule (default: "30 12 01,08,15,22 * *")

String or gexp denoting the corresponding mcron job schedule (see 执行计划任务).

Anonip Service

Anonip is a privacy filter that removes IP address from web server logs. This service creates a FIFO and filters any written lines with anonip before writing the filtered log to a target file.

The following example sets up the FIFO /var/run/anonip/https.access.log and writes the filtered log file /var/log/anonip/https.access.log.

(service anonip-service-type
         (anonip-configuration
           (input  "/var/run/anonip/https.access.log")
           (output "/var/log/anonip/https.access.log")))

Configure your web server to write its logs to the FIFO at /var/run/anonip/https.access.log and collect the anonymized log file at /var/web-logs/https.access.log.

Data Type: anonip-configuration

This data type represents the configuration of anonip. It has the following parameters:

anonip (default: anonip)

The anonip package to use.

input

The file name of the input log file to process. The service creates a FIFO of this name. The web server should write its logs to this FIFO.

output

The file name of the processed log file.

The following optional settings may be provided:

debug?

Print debug messages when #true.

skip-private?

When #true do not mask addresses in private ranges.

column

A 1-based indexed column number. Assume IP address is in the specified column (default is 1).

replacement

Replacement string in case address parsing fails, e.g. "0.0.0.0".

ipv4mask

Number of bits to mask in IPv4 addresses.

ipv6mask

Number of bits to mask in IPv6 addresses.

increment

通过给定的数字递增 IP 地址。默认情况下，这个值为零。

delimiter

Log delimiter string.

regex

Regular expression for detecting IP addresses. Use this instead of column.