Instantiate an Image (GNU Guix 参考手册)

16.2 Instantiate an Image

Let’s say you would like to create an MBR image with three distinct partitions:

The ESP (EFI System Partition), a partition of 40 MiB at offset 1024 KiB with a vfat file system.
an ext4 partition of 50 MiB data file, and labeled “data”.
an ext4 bootable partition containing the %simple-os operating-system.

You would then write the following image definition in a my-image.scm file for instance.

(use-modules (gnu)
             (gnu image)
             (gnu tests)
             (gnu system image)
             (guix gexp))

(define MiB (expt 2 20))

(image
 (format 'disk-image)
 (operating-system %simple-os)
 (partitions
  (list
   (partition
    (size (* 40 MiB))
    (offset (* 1024 1024))
    (label "GNU-ESP")
    (file-system "vfat")
    (flags '(esp))
    (initializer (gexp initialize-efi-partition)))
   (partition
    (size (* 50 MiB))
    (label "DATA")
    (file-system "ext4")
    (initializer #~(lambda* (root . rest)
                     (mkdir root)
                     (call-with-output-file
                         (string-append root "/data")
                       (lambda (port)
                         (format port "my-data"))))))
   (partition
    (size 'guess)
    (label root-label)
    (file-system "ext4")
    (flags '(boot))
    (initializer (gexp initialize-root-partition))))))

Note that the first and third partitions use generic initializers procedures, initialize-efi-partition and initialize-root-partition respectively. The initialize-efi-partition installs a GRUB EFI loader that is loading the GRUB bootloader located in the root partition. The initialize-root-partition instantiates a complete system as defined by the %simple-os operating-system.

You can now run:

guix system image my-image.scm

to instantiate the image definition. That produces a disk image which has the expected structure:

$ parted $(guix system image my-image.scm) print
…
Model:  (file)
Disk /gnu/store/yhylv1bp5b2ypb97pd3bbhz6jk5nbhxw-disk-image: 1714MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  43.0MB  41.9MB  primary  fat16        esp
 2      43.0MB  95.4MB  52.4MB  primary  ext4
 3      95.4MB  1714MB  1619MB  primary  ext4         boot

The size of the boot partition has been inferred to 1619MB so that it is large enough to host the %simple-os operating-system.

You can also use existing image record definitions and inherit from them to simplify the image definition. The (gnu system image) module provides the following image definition variables.

Variable: mbr-disk-image: An MBR disk-image composed of a single ROOT partition. The ROOT partition starts at a 1 MiB offset so that the bootloader can install itself in the post-MBR gap.

Variable: mbr-hybrid-disk-image: An MBR disk-image composed of two partitions: a 64 bits ESP partition and a ROOT boot partition. The ESP partition starts at a 1 MiB offset so that a BIOS compatible bootloader can install itself in the post-MBR gap. The image can be used by x86_64 and i686 machines supporting only legacy BIOS booting. The ESP partition ensures that it can also be used by newer machines relying on UEFI booting, hence the hybrid denomination.

Variable: efi-disk-image: A GPT disk-image composed of two partitions: a 64 bits ESP partition and a ROOT boot partition. This image can be used on most x86_64 and i686 machines, supporting BIOS or UEFI booting.

Variable: efi32-disk-image: 与 efi-disk-image 相同，但是有一个 32 位的 EFI 分区。

Variable: iso9660-image: ISO-9660镜像由一个可引导分区组成。这种镜像可以在大多数 x86_64 和 i686 机器上使用。

Variable: docker-image: Docker 镜像可以用来孵化 Docker 容器。

使用 efi-disk-image 我们就可以像这样简化先前的 image 声明：

(use-modules (gnu)
             (gnu image)
             (gnu tests)
             (gnu system image)
             (guix gexp)
             (ice-9 match))

(define MiB (expt 2 20))

(define data
  (partition
   (size (* 50 MiB))
   (label "DATA")
   (file-system "ext4")
   (initializer #~(lambda* (root . rest)
                    (mkdir root)
                    (call-with-output-file
                        (string-append root "/data")
                      (lambda (port)
                        (format port "my-data")))))))

(image
 (inherit efi-disk-image)
 (operating-system %simple-os)
 (partitions
  (match (image-partitions efi-disk-image)
    ((esp root)
     (list esp data root)))))

这将会有一模一样的 image 实例化，不过 image 声明更加简单。